The rise of electronic nicotine delivery systems and the emergence of electronic cigarette driven disease American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology American Physiological Society New medical research is raising concerns about possible links between vaping and bronchiolitis obliterans also known as popcorn lung, a rare and irreversible lung disease. Health experts say more long term Does Vaping and Smoking Together Increase Lung Cancer Risk? American Cancer Society Electronic cigarettes: Modern instruments for toxic lung delivery and posing risk for the development of chronic disease ScienceDirect